Denmark
EU roadmap Standard-takerDenmark's posture is led by the Centre for Cyber Security, whose theme page and news articles explain the transition to quantum-safe cryptography and the migration of Danish organisations to quantum-resistant algorithms. In 2024 the Centre established a dedicated secretariat, set up under the national quantum technology strategy, to help authorities and companies in Denmark's critical digital infrastructure make the transition. Parliament supports a coordinated European effort, noting quantum-safe cryptography alongside 5G and 6G in EU Council conclusions, and the central bank advises that preparations for the financial sector should be strengthened. No national migration timeline is attested in the gathered documents; the dated milestones reflect the EU coordinated roadmap rather than a Danish national one.
Governance credibility
| Criterion | Score | Confidence |
|---|---|---|
| Relevance | 2.0 / 2 | High |
| Coherence | 2.0 / 2 | High |
| Effectiveness | 1.5 / 2 | High |
| Efficiency | 2.0 / 2 | High |
| Governance | 2.0 / 2 | High |
| Impact | 2.0 / 2 | High |
Regulatory basis
- NIS2 Directive (EU) 2022/2555, Art. 21(2)(h)
- DORA, Regulation (EU) 2022/2554 (financial sector)
- Commission Recommendation (EU) 2024/1101 on a coordinated PQC roadmap
- NIS Cooperation Group Coordinated Implementation Roadmap (2026/2030/2035)
Legal status: Binding
Essential and important entities must use state-of-the-art cryptography under NIS2, transposed into national law, and financial entities face equivalent duties under DORA; neither yet names post-quantum algorithms specifically. Migration follows the EU coordinated roadmap, with high-risk use cases targeted for 2030 and full migration by 2035, which is encouraged rather than mandated.
Standards and algorithms
No standards or algorithms specified.
Hybrid stance
None stated
Migration timeline
- 2030High-risk use cases migrated
- 2035Full migration of all systems complete
Target completion: 2035
International standards processes
- NIS Cooperation Group co-authored the EU coordinated PQC roadmap
Governmental and standards bodies
- CFCS Centre for Cyber Security, sets out the transition to quantum-safe cryptography for Danish organisations and runs a dedicated secretariat established in 2024 to help critical digital infrastructure migrate
- SAMSIK Danish Agency for Societal Security, hosts the transition guidance on its newer domain
- Ministry of Industry, Business and Financial Affairs issued the National Strategy for Quantum Technology under which the CFCS quantum-safe cryptography secretariat sits
- Folketinget Danish Parliament, background and subsidiarity note supporting a coordinated EU effort and Council samlenotat noting quantum-safe cryptography alongside 5G and 6G
- Nationalbanken central bank, advises strengthening preparations for quantum-safe cryptography in the financial sector
Key institutional documents
- Ny temaartikel: Overgangen til kvantesikker kryptografi
- Nyt sekretariat i CFCS skal hjælpe organisationer med at overgå til kvantesikker kryptografi
- National Strategy for Quantum Technology
- Global tensions, rising house prices and the cyber threat dominate the risk picture
- Council meeting samlenotat referencing 5G/6G and quantum-safe cryptography
- Grund- og nærhedsnotat on the recommendation for a coordinated implementation plan for the transition to post-quantum cryptography
- The transition to quantum-safe cryptography
- The transition to quantum-safe cryptography
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